The literate culture of Indian science goes back to at least the fifth century B.C.
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In attempting to solve astronomical problems, the Kerala School independently created a number of important mathematics … You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. He asserted:“I can only compare their mathematical and astronomical literature, as far as I know it, to a mixture of pear shells and sour dates, or of pearls and dung, or of costly crystals and common pebbles Nevertheless, a common element in most early evaluations is the emphasis on the uniqueness of Indian mathematics. "The oldest extant mathematical manuscript in India is the The surviving manuscript has seventy leaves, some of which are in fragments. Existing scholarly theories of the development of Indian mathematics are identified and examined. The Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics was founded in the late 14th Century by Madhava of Sangamagrama, sometimes called the greatest mathematician-astronomer of medieval India. The school flourished in the 14th-16th centuries.
In This period saw mathematicians such as This ancient text uses the following as trigonometric functions for the first time:Later Indian mathematicians such as Aryabhata made references to this text, while later This Chhedi calendar (594) contains an early use of the modern Chapter 12 also included a formula for the area of a cyclic quadrilateral (a generalisation of Chapter 18 contained 103 Sanskrit verses which began with rules for arithmetical operations involving zero and negative numbersTo the absolute number multiplied by four times the [coefficient of the] square, add the square of the [coefficient of the] middle term; the square root of the same, less the [coefficient of the] middle term, being divided by twice the [coefficient of the] square is the value.Also in chapter 18, Brahmagupta was able to make progress in finding (integral) solutions of He then used this lemma to both generate infinitely many (integral) solutions of Pell's equation, given one solution, and state the following theorem:
The first example he presented was:In his commentary, Brahmagupta added, "a person solving this problem within a year is a mathematician. After all that, they have surpassed all the other peoples in their knowledge of medical science and the strengths of various drugs, the characteristics of compounds, and the peculiarities of substances Others like Al-Biruni were more critical. It was mentioned as one of four independent kingdoms in southern India during Ashoka's time, the others being the Cholas, Pandyas and Satyaputras. 61-62. Despite these elements being in place, the case for the transmission of Kerala mathematics to Europe seems to require stronger evidence. Ancient and medieval Indian mathematical works, all composed in A later landmark in Indian mathematics was the development of the The inhabitants of Indus civilisation also tried to standardise measurement of length to a high degree of accuracy.
This is a consequence of the fact that many documents from ancient and medieval times do not now exist, having perished due to variety of reasons. While we understand the strength of nationalist pride in the evaluation of the achievements of scientists, we do find difficulty in the qualitative comparison between two developments founded on different epistemological bases. K. V. Sarma , A History of the Kerala School of Hindu Astronomy ( Hoshiarpur, Hoshiarpur Vishveshvaranand Institute, 1972)). )1970 ( harv error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFKatz1995 (Joseph, G. G. 1997. Closing verses of Sadratnamala.JPG 416 × 335; 27 KB
3,. pp. Indian mathematical tradition the Kerala dimension/V.